Common Core State Standards
We have listed outcomes from the Common Core State Standards
that we believe our apps cover.
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Kindergarten |
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Counting and Cardinality (K.CC) | ||||
| Know number names and the count sequence. | ||||
| Count to 100 by ones and by tens. | ||||
| Count forward beginning from a given number within the known sequence (instead of having to begin at 1). | ||||
| Write numbers from 0 to 20. Represent a number of objects with a written numeral 0-20 (with 0 representing a count of no objects). Count to tell the number of objects. | ||||
| Count to tell the number of objects. | ||||
| Understand the relationship between numbers and quantities; connect counting to cardinality. | ||||
| When counting objects, say the number names in the standard order, pairing each object with one and only one number name and each number name with one and only one object. | ||||
| Understand that the last number name said tells the number of objects counted. The number of objects is the same regardless of their arrangement or the order in which they were counted. | ||||
| Understand that each successive number name refers to a quantity that is one larger. | ||||
| Count to answer "how many?" questions about as many as 20 things arranged in a line, a rectangular array, or a circle, or as many as 10 things in a scattered configuration; given a number from 1-20, count out that many objects. | ||||
| Compare numbers. | ||||
| Identify whether the number of objects in one group is greater than, less than, or equal to the number of objects in another group, e.g., by using matching and counting strategies. | ||||
| Compare two numbers between 1 and 10 presented as written numerals. | ||||
Operations and Algebraic Thinking (K.OA) | ||||
| Know number names and the count sequence. | ||||
| Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations. | ||||
| Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem. | ||||
| Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1). | ||||
| For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation. | ||||
| Fluently add and subtract within 5. | ||||
Number and Operations in Base Ten (K.NBT) | ||||
| Work with numbers 11-19 to gain foundations for place value. | ||||
| Compose and decompose numbers from 11 to 19 into ten ones and some further ones, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each composition or decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 18 = 10 + 8); understand that these numbers are composed of ten ones and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine ones. | ||||
Grade 1 |
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Operations and Algebraic Thinking (1.OA) | ||||
| Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction. | ||||
| Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem. | ||||
| Solve word problems that call for addition of three whole numbers whose sum is less than or equal to 20, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem. | ||||
| Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction. | ||||
| Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract. Examples: If 8 + 3 = 11 is known, then 3 + 8 = 11 is also known. (Commutative property of addition.) To add 2 + 6 + 4, the second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so 2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12. (Associative property of addition.) | ||||
| Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem. For example, subtract 10 - 8 by finding the number that makes 10 when added to 8. | ||||
| Add and subtract within 20. | ||||
| Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2). | ||||
| Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 - 4 = 13 - 3 - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 - 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13). | ||||
| Work with addition and subtraction equations. | ||||
| Understand the meaning of the equal sign, and determine if equations involving addition and subtraction are true or false. For example, which of the following equations are true and which are false? 6 = 6, 7 = 8 - 1, 5 + 2 = 2 + 5, 4 + 1 = 5 + 2. | ||||
| Determine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 + ? = 11, 5 = _ - 3, 6 + 6 = _. | ||||
Number and Operations in Base Ten (1.NBT) | ||||
| Extend the counting sequence. | ||||
| Count to 120, starting at any number less than 120. In this range, read and write numerals and represent a number of objects with a written numeral. | ||||
| Understand place value. | ||||
| Understand that the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones. Understand the following as special cases: | ||||
| 10 can be thought of as a bundle of ten ones - called a "ten." | ||||
| The numbers from 11 to 19 are composed of a ten and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine ones. | ||||
| The numbers 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine tens (and 0 ones). | ||||
| Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract. | ||||
| Add within 100, including adding a two-digit number and a one-digit number, and adding a two-digit number and a multiple of 10, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used. Understand that in adding two-digit numbers, one adds tens and tens, ones and ones; and sometimes it is necessary to compose a ten. | ||||
| Given a two-digit number, mentally find 10 more or 10 less than the number, without having to count; explain the reasoning used. | ||||
| Subtract multiples of 10 in the range 10-90 from multiples of 10 in the range 10-90 (positive or zero differences), using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used. | ||||
Grade 2 | ||||
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Operations and Algebraic Thinking (2.OA) | ||||
| Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication. | ||||
| Determine whether a group of objects (up to 20) has an odd or even number of members, e.g., by pairing objects or counting them by 2s; write an equation to express an even number as a sum of two equal addends. | ||||
| Use addition to find the total number of objects arranged in rectangular arrays with up to 5 rows and up to 5 columns; write an equation to express the total as a sum of equal addends. | ||||
Number and Operations in Base Ten (2.NBT) | ||||
| Understand place value. | ||||
| Understand that the three digits of a three-digit number represent amounts of hundreds, tens, and ones; e.g., 706 equals 7 hundreds, 0 tens, and 6 ones. Understand the following as special cases: | ||||
| 100 can be thought of as a bundle of ten tens - called a "hundred." | ||||
| The numbers 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine hundreds (and 0 tens and 0 ones). | ||||
| Count within 1000; skip-count by 5s, 10s, and 100s | ||||
| Read and write numbers to 1000 using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form. | ||||
| Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract. | ||||
| Fluently add and subtract within 100 using strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction. | ||||
| Add up to four two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and properties of operations. | ||||
| Add and subtract within 1000, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method. Understand that in adding or subtracting three-digit numbers, one adds or subtracts hundreds and hundreds, tens and tens, ones and ones; and sometimes it is necessary to compose or decompose tens or hundreds. | ||||
| Explain why addition and subtraction strategies work, using place value and the properties of operations | ||||
Grade 3 |
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Operations and Algebraic Thinking (3.OA) | ||||
| Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division. | ||||
| Interpret products of whole numbers, e.g., interpret 5 x 7 as the total number of objects in 5 groups of 7 objects each. For example, describe a context in which a total number of objects can be expressed as 5 x 7. | ||||
| Interpret whole-number quotients of whole numbers, e.g., interpret 56 ÷ 8 as the number of objects in each share when 56 objects are partitioned equally into 8 shares, or as a number of shares when 56 objects are partitioned into equal shares of 8 objects each. For example, describe a context in which a number of shares or a number of groups can be expressed as 56 ÷ 8. | ||||
| Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem. | ||||
| Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division. | ||||
| Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide. Examples: If 6 x 4 = 24 is known, then 4 x 6 = 24 is also known. (Commutative property of multiplication.) 3 x 5 x 2 can be found by 3 x 5 = 15, then 15 x 2 = 30, or by 5 x 2 = 10, then 3 x 10 = 30. (Associative property of multiplication.) Knowing that 8 x 5 = 40 and 8 x 2 = 16, one can find 8 x 7 as 8 x (5 + 2) = (8 x 5) + (8 x 2) = 40 + 16 = 56. (Distributive property.) | ||||
| Multiply and divide within 100. | ||||
| Fluently multiply and divide within 100, using strategies such as the relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., knowing that 8 x 5 = 40, one knows 40 ÷ 5 = 8) or properties of operations. By the end of Grade 3, know from memory all products of two one-digit numbers. | ||||
| Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic. | ||||
| Identify arithmetic patterns (including patterns in the addition table or multiplication table), and explain them using properties of operations. For example, observe that 4 times a number is always even, and explain why 4 times a number can be decomposed into two equal addends. | ||||
Number and Operations in Base Ten (3.NBT) | ||||
| Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. | ||||
| Fluently add and subtract within 1000 using strategies and algorithms based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction. | ||||
Number & Operations - Fractions (3.NF) | ||||
| Develop understanding of fractions as numbers. | ||||
| Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b. | ||||
Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram. a. Represent a fraction 1/b on a number line diagram by defining the interval from 0 to 1 as the whole and partitioning it into b equal parts. Recognize that each part has size 1/b and that the endpoint of the part based at 0 locates the number 1/b on the number line. b. Represent a fraction a/b on a number line diagram by marking off a lengths 1/b from 0. Recognize that the resulting interval has size a/b and that its endpoint locates the number a/b on the number line. | ||||
Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size. a. Understand two fractions as equivalent (equal) if they are the same size, or the same point on a number line. b. Recognize and generate simple equivalent fractions, e.g., 1/2 = 2/4, 4/6 = 2/3). Explain why the fractions are equivalent, e.g., by using a visual fraction model. c. Express whole numbers as fractions, and recognize fractions that are equivalent to whole numbers. Examples: Express 3 in the form 3 = 3/1; recognize that 6/1 = 6; locate 4/4 and 1 at the same point of a number line diagram. d. Compare two fractions with the same numerator or the same denominator by reasoning about their size. Recognize that comparisons are valid only when the two fractions refer to the same whole. Record the results of comparisons with the symbols >, =, or <, and justify the conclusions, e.g., by using a visual fraction model. | ||||
Measurement & Data (3.MD) | ||||
| Represent and interpret data. | ||||
| Draw a scaled picture graph and a scaled bar graph to represent a data set with several categories. Solve one- and two-step "how many more" and "how many less" problems using information presented in scaled bar graphs. For example, draw a bar graph in which each square in the bar graph might represent 5 pets. | ||||
| Generate measurement data by measuring lengths using rulers marked with halves and fourths of an inch. Show the data by making a line plot, where the horizontal scale is marked off in appropriate units- whole numbers, halves, or quarters. | ||||
Grade 4 |
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Number & Operations - Fractions (4.NF) | ||||
| Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering. | ||||
| Explain why a fraction a/b is equivalent to a fraction (n × a)/(n × b) by using visual fraction models, with attention to how the number and size of the parts differ even though the two fractions themselves are the same size. Use this principle to recognize and generate equivalent fractions. | ||||
| Compare two fractions with different numerators and different denominators, e.g., by creating common denominators or numerators, or by comparing to a benchmark fraction such as 1/2. Recognize that comparisons are valid only when the two fractions refer to the same whole. Record the results of comparisons with symbols >, =, or <, and justify the conclusions, e.g., by using a visual fraction model. | ||||
| Build fractions from unit fractions | ||||
Understand a fraction a/b with a > 1 as a sum of fractions 1/b. a. Understand addition and subtraction of fractions as joining and separating parts referring to the same whole. b. Decompose a fraction into a sum of fractions with the same denominator in more than one way, recording each decomposition by an equation. Justify decompositions, e.g., by using a visual fraction model. Examples: 3/8 = 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8; 3/8 = 1/8 + 2/8; 2 1/8 = 1 + 1 + 1/8 = 8/8 + 8/8 + 1/8. c. Add and subtract mixed numbers with like denominators, e.g., by replacing each mixed number with an equivalent fraction, and/or by using properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction. | ||||
Measurement & Data (4.MD) | ||||
| Represent and interpret data. | ||||
| Make a line plot to display a data set of measurements in fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8). Solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions by using information presented in line plots. For example, from a line plot find and interpret the difference in length between the longest and shortest specimens in an insect collection. | ||||
Grade 5 |
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Number & Operations - Fractions (5.NF) | ||||
| Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions. | ||||
| Add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators (including mixed numbers) by replacing given fractions with equivalent fractions in such a way as to produce an equivalent sum or difference of fractions with like denominators. For example, 2/3 + 5/4 = 8/12 + 15/12 = 23/12. (In general, a/b + c/d = (ad + bc)/bd.) | ||||
Geometry (5.G) | ||||
| Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems. | ||||
| Use a pair of perpendicular number lines, called axes, to define a coordinate system, with the intersection of the lines (the origin) arranged to coincide with the 0 on each line and a given point in the plane located by using an ordered pair of numbers, called its coordinates. Understand that the first number indicates how far to travel from the origin in the direction of one axis, and the second number indicates how far to travel in the direction of the second axis, with the convention that the names of the two axes and the coordinates correspond (e.g., x-axis and x-coordinate, y-axis and y-coordinate). | ||||
| Represent real world and mathematical problems by graphing points in the first quadrant of the coordinate plane, and interpret coordinate values of points in the context of the situation. | ||||
Grade 6 |
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Ratios & Proportional Relationships (6.RP) | ||||
| Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems. | ||||
Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. a. Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole-number measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Use tables to compare ratios. | ||||
The Number System (6.NS) | ||||
| Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers. | ||||
Understand a rational number as a point on the number line. Extend number line diagrams and coordinate axes familiar from previous grades to represent points on the line and in the plane with negative number coordinates. a. Recognize opposite signs of numbers as indicating locations on opposite sides of 0 on the number line; recognize that the opposite of the opposite of a number is the number itself, e.g., –(–3) = 3, and that 0 is its own opposite. b. Understand signs of numbers in ordered pairs as indicating locations in quadrants of the coordinate plane; recognize that when two ordered pairs differ only by signs, the locations of the points are related by reflections across one or both axes. c. Find and position integers and other rational numbers on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram; find and position pairs of integers and other rational numbers on a coordinate plane. | ||||
Understand ordering and absolute value of rational numbers. a. Interpret statements of inequality as statements about the relative position of two numbers on a number line diagram. For example, interpret –3 > –7 as a statement that –3 is located to the right of –7 on a number line oriented from left to right. | ||||
Statistics & Probability (6.SP) | ||||
| Develop understanding of statistical variability. | ||||
| Recognize a statistical question as one that anticipates variability in the data related to the question and accounts for it in the answers. For example, "How old am I?" is not a statistical question, but "How old are the students in my school?" is a statistical question because one anticipates variability in students' ages. | ||||
| Understand that a set of data collected to answer a statistical question has a distribution which can be described by its center, spread, and overall shape. | ||||
| Summarize and describe distributions. | ||||
| Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots. | ||||